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Workers compensation (also known as workers' comp) is a form of insurance that provides compensation medical care for employees who are injured in the course of employment, in exchange for mandatory relinquishment of the employee's right to sue his or her employer for the tort of negligence. The tradeoff between assured, limited coverage and lack of recourse outside the worker compensation system is known as "the compensation bargain." While plans differ between jurisdictions, provision can be made for weekly payments in place of wages, functioning as a form of disability insurance, compensation for economic loss, past and future, reimbursement or payment of medical expenses, functioning as a form of health insurance, and benefits payable to the dependents of workers killed on the job, functioning as a form of life insurance. General damages for pain and suffering, and punitive damages for employer negligence, are generally not available in worker compensation plans.
In the United States, most employees who are injured on the job have a right to medical care for any injury, and in many cases, monetary payments to compensate for resulting temporary or permanent disabilities. Most employers are required to subscribe to insurance for workers' compensation, and an employer who does not may have financial penalties imposed. In many states, there are public uninsured employer funds to pay benefits to workers employed by companies who illegally fail to purchase insurance. Insurance policies are available to employers through commercial insurance companies, however, if the employer is deemed an excessive risk to insure at market rates, they can obtain coverage through an assigned-risk program.
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